The principal Act dealing with disease in livestock in Victoria is the Livestock Disease Control Act 1994 and the Livestock Disease Regulations 1995

The Act administers the prevention, monitoring and control of diseases generally, with provisions for particular types of livestock (such as pigs, dairy animals, chickens and bees). It also addresses issues such as artificial breeding, compensation, licences and registrations, and enforcement.

The Regulations deal with disease notification, identification of livestock, introduction of livestock into Victoria, prevention of the spread of disease, records of sale and purchase of livestock.

State and territory governments are responsible for the control and eradication of disease within their own boundaries. In Victoria, the Governor-in-Council can declare any disease or condition to be contagious or infectious, including exotic diseases. The whole or any part of Victoria can be declared a quarantine area for the control of diseases, other than exotic diseases. To prevent disease the Governor can also make an order to prohibit or restrict entry of livestock, livestock product, fodder or fittings into Victoria.